Fig. 6

Application of immunosensor to human peripheral blood. (a) The concentrations of LC3⁺ EVs in the peripheral blood of HDs and CPs measured using the immunosensor. Correlation between peripheral blood LC3⁺ EVs levels and IL-6 (b) and IL-10 (c) levels. (d) The concentrations of LC3⁺ EVs in the peripheral blood of patients with BBD, EBC, and ABC measured using the immunosensor. CA15-3 (e) and CEA (f) levels in the peripheral blood of patients with BBD, EBC, and ABC were determined using an ARCHITECT i2000SR immunoassay analyzer. Human peripheral blood was centrifuged at a low speed, and the obtained plasma was used for the above testing. ^*p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.01, ^***p < 0.001, ns: not significant