Fig. 5
EF-sEVs attenuated H2O2-induced neuronal apoptosis by activating autophagy in vitro. A PC12 cell morphology changes under ×40 magnification after treatment with EF-sEVs and H2O2. B The protective effects of EF-sEVs on the viability of H2O2-exposed PC12 cells. C Representative images showing levels of ROS in each group. Scale bar=1000 μm. D Quantitative analysis of levels of ROS in PC12 cells in each group. E Apoptosis rates of PC12 cells determined by flow cytometry. F Percentages of apoptotic cells. G Western blot analysis of autophagy-related proteins levels and quantitative analysis results. H Western blot analysis of apoptosis-related proteins levels and quantitative analysis results. I Western blot analysis of SIRT1 and p-AMPK protein expression levels and quantitative analysis results. Data expressed as mean ± SD (n = 3)