Fig. 9

A Schematic illustration of the synthesis of UCNPs@FL-MEL and the mechanism for combination therapy of hypoxic tumors. B Confocal fluorescence images of HeLa cells stained with Ad-GFP-LC3B after various treatments and the statistics of the corresponding fluorescence intensity values. C Changes in key autophagy-related proteins, including P62, LC3-II and LC3 were investigated by Western blot in HeLa cells. D The cellular autophagy levels of HeLa cells after various treatments were observed by Bio-TEM images. The pink, green, blue and orange arrows represent the phagophore, autophagosome, autolysosome, and vacuoles, respectively. E Tumor volume changes in tumor-bearing Balb/c mice after different treatments. F Images of representative excised tumors from different groups after 14 days of treatment and the corresponding mean weight of the tumors. Reproduced with permission from [137].