Fig. 11

Protection against influenza virus challenge by transfer of T_RM cells in NOD/SCID mice. The 3rd animal study was designed in which lung T_RM cells were isolated from BALB/c mice at 30 days post the 3rd immunization mentioned in Study 2 by flow cytometry sorting and then transferred to NOD/SCID mice by tail vein injection (A). Mice without T_RM transfer were also included as mock controls. On the second day after transfer, low-dose H1N1 virus (0.1LD₅₀) was used for challenge, and body weight gains (B) were recorded for 5 days. The virus titers were then determined by qRT‒PCR (C), and IL-6 production in lung washing samples (D) was measured by a LEGENDplex™ kit (Biolegend). (n = 4, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001)