Recent trends in preparation and biomedical applications of iron oxide nanoparticles

Meng, Yu Qing; Shi, Ya Nan; Zhu, Yong Ping; Liu, Yan Qing; Gu, Li Wei; Liu, Dan Dan; Ma, Ang; Xia, Fei; Guo, Qiu Yan; Xu, Cheng Chao; Zhang, Jun Zhe; Qiu, Chong; Wang, Ji Gang

doi:10.1186/s12951-023-02235-0

Journal of Nanobiotechnology

Table 2 Summary of different types of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) in cell lines

From: Recent trends in preparation and biomedical applications of iron oxide nanoparticles

Coating molecule	Name	Model	Dose	Days	Outcome	References
Poly (ethylenimine), poly(allylamine hydrochloride), poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)	IONPs-PEI, IONPs-PAH, IONPs-PDADMAC	A549 cell line	100 μg/mL	24 h	poly(allylamine hydrochloride) stabilized IONPs were the best biocompatibility	[69]
Polydopamine	Fe₃O₄@PDA	NK cell line	50 μg Fe/mL	12 h	It could regulate immune cells, inhibit tumor growth	[70]
Magnesium	Mg-γ-FeO	A549 cell line	0.1–250 mg Fe/mL	24 h	Significant cytotoxic effects	[71]
Polyethylenimine-calcium phosphate	SPIONs@PEI-CPs	A549 and HepG2 cell lines	10–60 μg Fe/mL	24 h	SPIONs@PEI-CPs were excellent biocompatibility, while SPIONs@PEI were remarkable cytotoxicity	[72]
Polyethylene glycol	IONPs	A549 cell line	0–250 μg Fe/mL		No significantly toxicity	[73]
Anti-αvβ6 antibodies	αvβ6-MIONPs	VB6 and H357 cell lines	0.2 mg Fe/mL	24 and 48 h	αvβ6- magnetic NP could enhance the killing potential of OSCC when combined with magnetic field	[74]
Chitosan	CS@IONPs	HSC-2 cell line	0.08–2.5 mg Fe/mL	48 h	No synergism with anticancer drugs; not completely rescue the X-ray-induced cell damage	[75]
Folate-chitosan-docetaxel	SPIONs coated with folate-chitosan-docetaxel	L929, KB and PC3 cell lines	0.005–0.08 μM	48 h	targeted cytotoxicity in cancer cells	[76]
Chitosan, growth factor domain, somatomedin B domain	IONPs/C, IONPs/C/GFD, IONPs/C/SMB	SKOV3 cell line	0.25, 0.5, 1 μg Fe/mL	24, 48 h	GFD + SMB showed synergistic effect	[77]
Cobalt and manganese	CoMn-IONP	ES-2 cell line	0–1000 μg Fe/mL	24 h	High saturation magnetization and heating efficiency	[78]
/	SPIONs-Serum	SKOV3 cell line	50–200 μg Fe/mL	24 h	Significantly inhibited the cell proliferation	[79]
Single-chain antibody, β-cyclodextrin, docetaxel	Fe₃O₄-scFv-β-CD- TXT	SKOV3 cell line	2 mg/mL	72 h	Continuously inhibited the growth of Skov3 ovarian cancer cells	[80]
Chitosan	Cs-coated SPIONs	HEK-293 cell line	100–500 μg Fe/mL	24, 48, 72 h	Non-toxic	[81]
/	γ-Fe₂O₃ NPs	Caco-2, HT-29, and SW-480 cell lines	0–500 μg Fe/mL	24 h	Carbohydrate and polymer coated on the surface of NPs enhanced the biocompatibility	[82]
Polyethylene glycol	Fe₃O₄@PEG	COLO-205 cell line	0–60 μg Fe/mL	24 h	Cytotoxicity to cancer cells	[83]
Silica	Fe@FeOx@SiO₂ NPs	HCT116 cell line	100 μg Fe/mL	72 h	No cytotoxicity	[84]
Silica	Sub-5 nm silica@IONPs	Caco-2 cell line	10, 50, 100 μg/mL	24 h	Well biocompatible	[85]
Carboxylate, amine	IONPs	C10 cell line	5–200 μg Fe/mL	24 h	Cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner	[86]
Aptamer, Au	Aptamer-Au@SPIONs	HT-29, CHO and L929 cell lines	10–100 μg Fe /mL	24 h	Concentration influenced the cytotoxicity	[87]
Poly (sodium styrene sulfonate)/irinotecan/human serum albumin-anti-CD133	SPIONs@PSS/HAS-anti-CD133	Caco2, HCT116, DLD1 cell lines	1–10 mg/mL	24 h	Inhibited the tumor cell viability in a dose-dependent manner	[88]
Dextran	University of Luebeck-Dextran coated SPION	Head and neck squamous cancer cell line	0.2–1.8 mM Fe	120 h	Decreased cell proliferation	[89]
Hyaluronic acid, HA-PEG10	HA-PEG10@SPIONs	SCC7 cell line	0.1–100 μg/mL	2 h	Remarkably decreased SCC7 cell viability	[90]
Dextran, hyaluronic acid, cisplatin	SEON^DEX−HA*CPt	PC-3 cell line	10, 30, 50 μg Fe/mL	24 h	SPIONs with cisplatin induced apoptosis and necrosis	[91]
J591	IONPs	LNCaP, PC3, DU145, 22RV1 cell lines	48 h	48 h	No effect on cell viability	[92]
Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-acrylamide-allylamine)	R11-PIONPs	PC3 and LNCaP cell lines	50–500 μg/mL	6, 24 h	Inhibited the tumor cell viability in a dose-dependent manner	[93]
Docetaxel	Fe₃O₄ NPs	DU145, PC-3, and LNCaP cell lines	1–100 μg/mL	72 h	Slightly cytotoxicity	[94]
Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone receptor peptide and urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor peptide	LHRH-AE105-IONPs	PC-3 cell line	10–100 ng/mL	24 h	Remarkably decreased PC-3 cell viability	[95]
Hyaluronic acid	FeO@HA NPs	L929 normal cell and MDA-MB-231 cancer cell	12.5–200 μg/mL	24, 48 h	High targeting specificity to cancer cells	[96]
/	Exceedingly small IONPs	MCF7 and 4T1 cell lines	0.8 mM Fe	24 h	Non-cytotoxicity	[98]
/	IONPs	4T1 cell line	100 μg Fe/mL	24 h	Decreased 4T1 cell viability to 48.5%	[99]
Arginine-methotrexate	Fe-Arg-MTX	MCF-7, 4T1, HFF-2 cell lines	50–800 nM	48, 72 h	Significantly decreased the cell viability	[100]
Macrophage membrane	FeO@MM	MCF-7 cell line	800 μg/mL	24 h	No toxicity	[43]
Dimercaptosuccinic acid	DMSA-SPION	MCF-7 cell line	50–500 μg/mL	0.5–72 h	Targeting breast cancer cells	[101]
Tantalum carbide	Ta₄C₃-IONP-SPs composite MXenes	4T1 cell line	12.5–200 ppm	24 h	Excellent biocompatibility	[102]
Poly(amidoamine) dendrimer-Pluronic P123/HSP90α	IPP/MB nanobeacon	MDA-MB-231 and MCF-10A cell lines	0.5–10 μg Fe/mL	48 h	Good cytocompatibility	[103]
Three bioengineered silks (MS1Fe1, MS1Fe2, and MS1Fe1Fe2)	H2.1MS1: MS1Fe1/IONPs	SKBR3 and MSU1.1 cell lines	0.19–25 μg/mL	72 h	Toxicity was observed when the concentration was more than 12.5 μg/mL	[104]
Silica	PVPMSFe	MCF-7, HFF2 cell lines	10–250 μg Fe	48, 72 h	No cell toxicity	[105]
Oleic acid, gelatin	IONPs coated with oleic acid-gelatin shell	HeLa cell line	2.5–25,000 ng/mL	48, 72 h	Higher therapeutic efficacy	[106]
Polycaprolactone	PCL-IONPs	HeLa cell line	10 μg doxorubicin	24 h	Cytotoxic effects on Hela cells	[107]
Protein conjugated glutaric acid	Pro-Glu-FeO	WI26VA, MCF-7 and HeLa cell lines	10–320 μg/mL	24 h	No toxicity in human normal lung cells, slight toxicity in MCF-7 and HeLa cells	[108]
Doxorubicin or methotrexate	USPIO(20)@MIL, USPIO(20)@MIL/MTX and USPIO(20)@MIL/Dox	Hela and RAW 264.7 cell lines	20, 50 μg/mL	12, 24 h	USPIO(20)@MIL showed low cytotoxicity to Hela cells, but no cytotoxicity to macrophages. USPIO(20)@MIL/MTX and USPIO(20)@MIL/Dox remarkably inhibited the cell viability in both cell lines	[109]
3-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane, aminodextran, and dimercaptosuccinic acid	IONPs-AD, IONPs-DMSA, IONPs-APS	HeLa cell line	0.05–0.5 mg Fe /mL	72 h	Low toxicity without morphological alteration	[110]
Heparin-Poloxamer	SPION@HP	HeLa cell line	0–500 μg/mL	48 h	Highly biocompatible	[111]
Poly(ethylene glycol)	Fe₃O₄@PEG	SGC7901/ADR cell line	0–20 μg/mL	48 h	EnhanceD cell apoptosis with low toxicity	[112]
Au, β-CD, SiO₂	Fe₃O₄@Au@β-CD and Fe₃O₄@Au@SiO₂ NPs	MGC-803 cell line	20, 50, 100, 200 μg/mL	24 h	Selectively uptaken by gastric cancer cells	[113]
Carboxymethyl cellulose, 5-fluorouracil	Fe₃O₄-CMC-5FU	SGC7901 cell line	0.05–1.0 μg/mL	24, 48, 72 h	Apparently antitumor effect	[114]
Atranorin	Atranorin@SPIONs	Gastric cancer stem cell line	1–100 μg/mL	24, 48, 72 h	Obviously inhibit gastric cancer stem cell proliferation	[115]
Poly (ethylene glycol)	γ-Fe₂O₃/CeO₂@PEG	U87MG cell line	0.00045–2.7 mg/mL	24, 48 h	Induced cell death	[116]
Zinc	Zinc@SPIONs	U-87 MG cell line	1, 10, 25, 50, 100 μg/mL	12, 24 h	No cytotoxicity	[117]
Human serum albumin (paclitaxel)-Arg-Gly-Asp peptides	SPIOCs@HSA(PTX)-RGD	U-87 MG cell line	2–50 μg/mL	24 h	No cytotoxicity	[118]
Aurroshell gold	Aurroshell gold@hematite	U-87 MG cell line	5–1000 μg/mL	72 h	Remarkably killed glioblastoma cancer cell	[119]
Doxorubicin	Dox-IONPs	U251, bEnd.3 and MDCK-MDR1 cell lines	0.5–30 μg/mL	48 h	No cytotoxicity	[120]
Poly(acrylic acid), poly (serine ester), poly(ethylene glycol)	PICs	MC3T3-E1 and HepG2 cell lines	0.751 to 751 μM	24 h	Low cytotoxicity	[121]
Glutathione and cysteine	FePd IONPs	HepG2, AGS, SK-MEL-2, MG63, and NCI-H460 cell lines	5–20 μg/mL	1–7 days	Excellent biocompatibility	[122]
Silica	sIONPs	HuH7 cell line	0–160 sIONPs/cell	24,48 h	Excellent biocompatibility	[123]
/	USPIONs	PLC/PRF5 cell line	100 μg Fe/mL	48 h	Highly compatible	[124]
Pullulan	P-SPIONs	HepG2 and L-929 cell lines	25–100 μg/mL	24 h	Excellent biocompatibility	[125]
Zinc, cobalt	Zinc-IONPs, cobalt- IONPs	MG-63 and human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cell lines	10–500 μM	72 h	Short term acute cytotoxicity	[126]
Vascular endothelial growth factor, n-hydroxysuccinimide	IONPs@CD80 + VEGF	ATCCTM CRL-2836 cell line	0.1–100 μg/mL	24 h	Significantly reduce d aberrant cell proliferation	[127]
Hydroxyapatite,	IONPs@HA	MG-63 osteosarcoma cell line	20–120 μg/mL	48, 72 h	Marked toxicity	[128]
Chitosan, succinic anhydride, folic acid	IONPs@CS-FA/CS-SA	MG-63 osteosarcoma cell line	20 μM	72 h	Significantly inhibited cell proliferation	[129]
Hyperbranched polyester, dodecenyl succinic anhydride	FeO/HBPE-DDSA	OCI-LY3 cell line	0–100 mg/mL	24 h	No cytotoxicity	[130]
/	IONPs	diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cell line	0–1200 μg Fe/mL	48, 72 h	Remarkably inhibited the cell growth	[131]
Rituximab antibodies and Poly (ethylene glycol)	Fe₃O₄-PEG-nAb	Raji cell li ne	50 μg Fe/mL	72 h	Valence-dependent manner of Raji cell apoptosis	[132]
Methotrexate	FeO@MTX	Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma line	20–500 μg Fe/mL	24 h	Inducing cell apoptosis	[133]
/	IONPs-quantum dots	A20 mouse B-lymphoma cell line	5–100 μg/mL	12, 24, 48, 72 h	Regulate autophagy	[134]
Silibinin	IONPs@silibinin	A-498 cell line	0.001–10 μg/mL	96 h	Remarkably inhibited the cell growth	[135]
mAb G250	mAb G250-SPIONs	786–0 renal carcinoma cell line	10–100 μg/mL	12 h	No cytotoxicity	[136]
Gelatin, akermanite	Gel/Akr/Fe₃O₄/MWNT nanocomposite	G292 osteoblastic cells	0.125, 0.25, 0.50 mg/mL	24, 48, 72 h	Low cytotoxicity	[145]
Hydroxyapatite, collagen	FeHA/Coll	MG63 human osteoblast-like cell line	8.00 mm diameter and 3.00 mm high	72 h	Significantly promoted the cell proliferation	[146]
/	IONPs	Human primary adipose derived stem cell line	4–64 μg/mL	24 h	Affected the adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation	[147]
Antigen peptide	α-AP-fmNPs	BMDCs and dendritic cell 2.4 cell lines	0.3–48 μg/mL	24 h	No cell toxicity	[148]
/	SPIONs	Dendritic cell line	10, 25, 50 μg/mL	24 h	Nearly 100% of cells were labeled by the SPIONs	[149]
Citric acid, dextran	IONPs-CIT, IONPs-DEXT	THP1, NCTC 1469 cell lines	1.6–100 μg Fe/mL	24 h	No toxicity	[150]
/	SPIONs	Neurite	10 mM	48 h	Increased length and area of neurite	[151]
Glucosamine, poly(acrylic acid)	SPION-PAA, USPIO-PAA, USPIO-PAAGlcN	Mesenchymal stem cell line	100 μg/mL	24 h	Excellent biocompatibility	[152]
2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid	γ-Fe₂O₃-DMSA	Human MSCs cell line	15–80 μg Fe/mL	2, 6, 24 h	No significant cytotoxicity	[153]
/	Ruicun	MSCs cell line	50–400 μg Fe/mL	24 h	Excellent biocompatibility	[154]
Curcumin	IONPs with curcumin	Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell line	0–1000 μg/mL	24 h	Dose-dependent cytocompatibility	[155]
Protein-specific molecularly imprinted polymers	MIPs	Human mesenchymal stem cell line	0.05, 0.1, 0.2 mM	24 h	High biocompatibility and low cytotoxicities	[156]
Citric acid	IONPs@CA	Endothelial cells and MC3T3-E1 cell lines	100 μg/mL	24, 48 h	Just affected cell viability	[157]
/	Magnetoferritin	Human MSCs cell line	0.01–3 μM	1 min	Biocompatibility	[158]
Silk fibroin	SPION@silk fibroin	Human bone marrow-derived MSCs cell line	2.5 mg Fe	21 days	Positively regulate the adhesion and proliferation	[159]
d-mannose	d-mannose (γ-Fe2O3)	Neural stem cell line	0.002–0.2 mg/mL	48 h	Slightly totoxicity	[160]

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