Fig. 1
Characterization of CNH-PG-mediated photothermal conversion property. A TEM imaging of CNH-PG. B UV–vis spectroscopy of CNH-PG. C Temperatures obtained by 808 nm LI (1 W/cm2, a light spot 1 cm in diameter) on CNH-PG solutions of different concentrations. D Thermal imaging of 0.5 mL of CNH-PG (10 μg/mL) placed in a 1.5 mL EP tube under 808 nm LI (1 and 1.4 W/cm2, a light spot 1 cm in diameter) for different durations. E Temperatures obtained by 0.5 mL of CNH-PG (10 μg/mL) placed in a 1.5 mL EP tube under 808 nm LI (0.8, 1 and 1.4 W/cm2, a light spot 1 cm in diameter) for different durations. F Photothermal stability of CNH-PG. CNH-PG solution (10 μg/mL) was heated to 47 °C with 808 nm LI at 1.5 W/cm2 for 3 min (a light spot 1 cm in diameter) and then allowed to cool down to room temperature. The cycle of heating and cooling was repeated five times. G–I Temperatures obtained by 0.2, 0.5, or 1 mL of CNH-PG (10 μg/mL, in PBS) placed in a well of a 48-, 24-, or 12-well plate respectively under 808 nm LI (1.1, 1.3, 1.5 and 1.7 W/cm2, covered in a light spot 2 cm in diameter) for different durations. J Thermal imaging of subcutaneous 4T1 tumors injected with 20 μL of CNH-PG solution (5 mg/mL) that was subjected to 808 nm LI (0.51 or 0.78 W/cm2, a light spot 1 cm in diameter) for 10 min at 4 h post-injection. K Temperatures obtained in subcutaneous 4T1 tumors injected with 20 μL of CNH-PG solution (5 mg/mL) that was subjected to 808 nm LI (0.51 or 0.78 W/cm2, in a light spot 1 cm in diameter) for 10 min at 4 h post-injection