Fig. 6
From: The progression of inorganic nanoparticles and natural products for inflammatory bowel disease
Design and synthesis of CeO2@MMT for the oral treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). a CeO2@MMT oral treatment of IBD mice. b A scheme for synthesizing CeO2@MMT by in-situ growth of cerium dioxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) onto MMT sheets. c The therapeutic effect of CeO2@MMT on IBD. Left: Ulcerative colitis is characterized by mucous depletion, positively charged protein accumulation, increased permeability of the epithelial cell layer, elevated ROS and pro-inflammatory macrophage (M1) levels, and upregulation of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, iNOS, etc.). Middle: the negatively charged CeO2@MMT (1:9) specifically targets the positively charged inflammatory colon. When electrostatic binding, CeO2@MMT removes elevated ROS through the multiple enzymatic functions of CeO2 NPs. Right: CeO2@MMT (1:9) After intervention, the damaged intestinal epithelial barrier was partially repaired, pro-inflammatory macrophages (M1) and cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, iNOS, etc.) were reduced, and anti-inflammatory macrophages (M2) and cytokines (such as IL-10) were increased (cited in Zhao et al. [62])