Fig. 8
From: The progression of inorganic nanoparticles and natural products for inflammatory bowel disease
WO3 NPs Model and mechanism of mediated mucous layer accumulation and microbial metabolic reprogramming in the treatment of DSS induced colitis in mice. Oral WO3 NPs mainly accumulated in the mucous layer of the colon, and significantly inhibited the growth of pathogenic enterobacteriaceae in the colon of DSS induced colitis mice. WO3 NPs treatment induces significant limitations in bacterial respiratory and metabolic processes by competitively inhibiting the activity of mostreterinase and eliminating the anaerobic nitrate reductase activity of Enterobacteriaceae, thereby reducing intestinal inflammation, attenuating bacterial translocation, restoring the colon epithelial barrier, and remodeling intestinal flora homeostasis in the inflaming colon (cited in Qin et al. [67])