Fig. 2From: Encapsulation and assessment of therapeutic cargo in engineered exosomes: a systematic reviewMethods for drug loading into engineered exosomes. Drug loading approaches for exosomes are divided into endogenous and exogenous methods. Endogenous loading primarily utilizes CRISPR/Cas9 technology to package cargo intracellularly. Exogenous loading methods include incubation, electroporation, sonication, freeze–thaw cycles, and extrusion to load cargo after vesicle isolationBack to article page