Fig. 4

Schematic illustration of periodontitis treatment by photothermal/photodynamic therapy. A The schematic diagram of NaYF4-Mn@Ce6@silane. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [74] Copyright Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute. B Preparation and against periodontitis of TAT-Ce6/TDZ NPs. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [76] Copyright American Chemical Society. C Preparation of sPDMA@ICG NPs and treatment of synergistic PTT and PDT on periodontitis. D TEM images of bacteria after processions of PBS (the control), sPDMA@ICG NPs with and without laser irradiation. E Photos of plaque biofilms after various processions. F Comparison for the mean fluorescence intensities of produced DCF in periodontium. Infrared thermal images of periodontium during laser irradiation after administration of PBS (the control) and sPDMA@ICG NPs. **indicates p < 0.01 compared to the control (+); ^##indicates p < 0.01 for comparison between two groups. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [79] Copyright Springer Nature