Fig. 1

Comprehensive landscape of the impact of PS-MPs and HFD on renal tissues. A Scheme of mice exposure, kidney collection, cell suspension treatment, single-cell isolation, and scRNA-seq analysis. B The size and zeta potential of PS-MPs detected in mice. C Detecting the PS-MPs in mice utilizing near-infrared (NIR) window optical imaging technique. D HE and Sirius Red staining of renal tissues. E Histological activity scores of glomerular damage, tubular damage, and tubulointerstitial fibrosis in four groups. Different lowercase letters represent statistical significance by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test. F Uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) of renal cells colored by distinct cell types. G Heatmap of the top 10 DEGs among all cell types according to log fold changes. H Violin plot of the top 3 DEGs among all cell types according to log fold changes. I The proportion of cell subpopulations in the ND and HFD groups (left) and four treatment groups (right)