Fig. 1

A diagrammatic depiction of periodontitis. Gingivitis is distinguished by the presence of inflamed, red, and oozing gums that encircle the teeth. Although periodontal disease exhibits similar symptoms, it additionally manifests as bone loss. A viscous substance called plaque, which is produced in the oral cavity by food, saliva, and bacteria, irritates the gum tissue by coating the tooth both above and below the gumline. Plaque, if not eliminated, solidifies into calculus, a substance that becomes exceedingly challenging to remove. Plaque and calculus microorganisms have the potential to eventually obliterate the bone and gingival tissue that surround the teeth. This results in the formation of deep fissures, bone atrophy, and potential tooth loss [12]