Table 2 Therapeutic efficiency of green synthesis metals and their oxide nanoparticles in periodontitis
Metal and metal oxide nanoparticles | Effects | Green synthesis method | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|
TiO2 NPs | The antibacterial and antibiofilm qualities of G-TiO2 NPs were studied about S. mutans, Citrobacter freundii, and Candida albicans. This work shows that TiO2 NPs manufactured sustainably have exceptional antibacterial and antibiofilm properties | TiO2 NPs were green-synthesized using extracts from Azadirachta indica twigs, Ficus benghalensis, Syzygium aromaticum, Mentha arvensis, Citrus aurantifolia, Echinacea purpurea, and Acanthophyllum laxiusculum | [133] |
CuNPs | CuNPs are a promising option for usage as an anti-peri-implantation agent in dental implants due to their bactericidal effect against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (one of the primary pathogens responsible for generating localized aggressive periodontitis) and their cytocompatibility | One of the most common approaches for producing Cu and CuO NPs involves combining a known concentration of the plant extract with an available precursor concentration, heating the combination to a specified temperature, and continuously stirring the mixture at a predetermined duration. For example, these extracts have come from plants including Celastrus paniculatus, Cardiospermum halicacabum, and Zingiber officinale | |
IONPs | The results showed that the synthesized BEP-IONPs exhibit potent antibacterial action, with a high MB dye adsorption capacity of up to 92.7% at 210 min and a zone of inhibition of 23.5 mm for gram-negative bacteria P. aeruginosa | Researchers in their study, Brown Egyptian Propolis (BEP) extract was used in the synthesis of IONPs because of its reducing and stabilizing properties | [137] |
AgNPs | The current work finds that biogenic AgNPs manufactured using EFLAE have a high potential for inhibition against microbiota pathogens that generate periodontitis, including E. Coli, B. cereus, S. pyogenes, and P. aeruginosa | Investigators in the study made biosynthetic AgNPs using an aqueous extract from Erythrina fusca leaves (EFLAE) | [138] |
AuNPs | BCL-AuNPs at a sub-MIC concentration demonstrated noteworthy anti-biofilm efficacy against P. aeruginosa PAO1. A decrease in biofilm formation of 58.74 ± 5.8% and 76.51 ± 4.27% was observed using the microtiter plate assay and tube method, respectively, in response to treatment with BCL-AuNPs at a concentration of 100 g mL − 1 | The spherical AuNPs were synthesized using the phytocompound baicalein as a capping and reducing agent, as demonstrated by the researchers | [139] |
ZnO NPs | The antibacterial activity of ZnO NPs-containing composite resin on S. mutans was much greater than that of AgNPs-containing composite resin | ZnO NPs may be synthesized from phenols and flavones, two plant extracts | |
Bi2O3NPs | Oral antiseptics have been shown to exhibit comparable effects to these NPs in the conducted experiments. The introduction of zerovalent BiNPs halted S. mutans biofilm production entirely | Bi2O3 NPs derived from plant extracts are extracted from various tree parts, including the bark, roots, leaves, flowers, fruit extracts, and shells |