Fig. 2
In vitro anti‑tumor activities of MLNPs. MTT assay was used to assess the potential toxicity of MLNPs against (a) HepG2, (b) Hepa1-6, (c) A549, (d) 4T1, (e) CT26, (f) L929, and (g) MC3T3-E1 cells after co-incubation for 24 and 48 h, respectively. Each point represents the mean ± S.E.M. (n = 5). (h) The IC50 values of MLNPs against different cell lines. Each point represents the mean ± S.E.M. (n = 5). (i) Fluorescence images of Hepa1-6 cells stained with Calcein-AM/PI. Live cells were stained green with calcein-AM, and dead cells were stained red with PI (Scale bar = 200 μm). (j) Quantitative analysis of the fluorescence intensity of live or dead cells. Each point represents the mean ± S.E.M. (n = 5; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001). (k) Apoptosis effect of Hepa1-6 cells with the treatment of MLNPs for 6, 12, and 24 h, respectively. (l) Migration of Hepa1-6 cells with or without the treatment of MLNPs for 24 and 48 h, respectively (Scale bar = 200 μm). (m) Wound healing rates of Hepa1-6 cells in the presence or absence of MLNPs using ImageJ software. Each point represents the mean ± S.E.M. (n = 5; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001). (n) The transwell migration capacity of Hepa1-6 cells with the treatment of MLNPs for 6, 12, and 24 h, respectively (Scale bar = 100 μm). (o) Cell counts of transwell migration at 6, 12, and 24 h using ImageJ software. Each point represents the mean ± S.E.M. (n = 4; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001)