Fig. 6

Detection of ALA to PpIX conversion and ROS levels: A Observation of red fluorescence of PpIX using confocal microscopy after 2 h of incubation with nanoparticles and MCF-7 cells. Scale = 50 μm. B flow cytometry analysis of ROS Levels in MCF-7 tumor cells after different treatment methods. C Quantitative analysis of ROS levels in MCF-7 tumor cells after different treatment methods using flow cytometry. (Values are means ± s.d., n = 5)