Fig. 3

Immunogenic cell death (ICD) of Aposomes in cell culture system. a Fluorescence images CRT-stained CT26 cells after treated with free DOX, DOXIL or Aposomes (2 µM based on DOX contents) for 48 h. b Relative amount of HMGB1 and ATP released from CT26 cells treated with free DOX, DOXIL or Aposomes (2 µM based on DOX contents) for 48 h. c Fluorescence images of CellTracker Green-labeled BMDMs co-cultured with free DOX-, DOXIL- or Aposome-treated CT26 cells (pHrodo labeled) for 2 h. d Percentage of mature DCs (CD11c⁺CD40⁺CD86⁺) and e cytotoxic T cells (CD45⁺CD3⁺CD8⁺) within the lymphocytes after co-culture with CT26 cells treated with free free DOX, DOXIL or Aposomes for 48 h. f Relative amount of TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-17 in the cell culture medium after co-culture of lymphocytes with CT26 cells treated with free free DOX, DOXIL or Aposomes for 48 h. Significance was determined by Tukey − Kramer post-hoc test