Fig. 7

Quercetin performed indirect pro-osteo-/angiogenic effects via miR-21a-5p. A Schematic illustration of the co-culture experiment. B–D ALP staining, ARS staining and their quantitative results of PDLSCs cultured with the CM collected from macrophages for 7 and 21 days. E–H The expression of osteogenic-related (OPN and RUNX-2) and angiogenic-related (VEGF and bFGF) genes of PDLSCs cultured with the CM collected from macrophages through qRT-PCR. I Schematic of the pharmacological mechanism of quercetin and miR-21a-5p on osteoimmunomodulation between macrophages and PDLSCs under periodontitis microenvironment. (ns, no significant difference; ^*p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.01 and ^***p < 0.001; Data are represented as the mean ± SEM, n = 3)