Fig. 4

Mechanism of pyroptosis and STING pathway activation. (A) IHC of cleaved caspase-1 and cleaved caspase-3 expression in tumor tissues (scale bar: 50 μm). (B) IF images of CRT and HMGB1 expression in hepa1-6 tumors after different treatments (scale bar: 50 μm). IF images of (C) p-STING and (D) p-TBK1 expression in hepa1-6 tumors after different treatments (scale bar: 25 μm). Semiquantitative FL intensity analysis of (E) CRT, (F) HMGB1, (G) p-STING and (H) p-TBK1 staining (n = 3). The levels of (I) IL-18, (J) IL-1β, (K) IFN-β and (L) CXCL10 in mouse serum after various treatments (n = 3). In panels (E), (F), (G), (H), (I), (J), (K) and (L), the data are presented as the mean ± SD. All p values were calculated by ANOVA. ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001, ns, not significant