Fig. 1
Characterization of NC, NG, and NCG. A The schematic diagram of NCG preparation process. B Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of NC, NG, and NCG. Scar bar: 100 nm. C Particle size of NAR, NC, NG, and NCG (n = 3). D Zeta potential of NAR, NC, NG, and NCG (n = 3). E Particles size distributions of NC, NG, and NCG. F Drug loading rate of NC, NG, and NCG (n = 3). G Encapsulation efficiency of NC, NG, and NCG (n = 3). H Visual graph of NCG stability at different pH values (n = 3). I Stability of NC, NG, and NCG in pH 1.50 environment. J Stability of NC, NG, and NCG in pH 6.80 environment. K Stability of NC, NG, and NCG in pH 7.35 environment. L In vitro drug release assay. The nanoparticles were exposed to simulated gastric juice with a pH of 1.50 for 2 h, simulated intestinal fluid with a pH of 6.80 for 2 h, and pH 7.35 phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for 44 h to approximate blood pH. M DSC curves of NAR and NCG. N 1H NMR spectra of NAR, PEG-PCL, and NCG in CDCl3. O FT-IR spectra of NAR, PEG-PCL, and NCG