Fig. 5

SF/MXene hydrogel combined ES can promote the differentiation of NSCs to neurons and can enhance hippocampal neurogenesis in TBI rats. A Investigation on NSCs differentiates into neurons and astrocytes. B Immunofluorescence to evaluate the neurogenesis in the DG zone. C Quantification of newborn neurons area (β-tubulin III), D astrocytes area (GFAP), and, E the scar thickness. F Quantification of mature neurons area (NeuN), G cell proliferation area (Ki67). (± SD, n = 5; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001)