Fig. 2

Scaffolds polarized the macrophage phenotypes in vitro. (A and B) Flow cytometry analysis of RAW264.7 cells that were seeded on different scaffolds for three days. (C) The qRT-PCR analysis of the macrophage polarization-related gene expression at day three. (D) The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis of cytokines in the supernatants of RAW264.7 cells cultured on different scaffolds on day three. (E) The morphology of macrophages seeded on different scaffolds visualized by scanning electron microscopy. (F) The immunofluorescent staining of macrophages seeded on different scaffolds on day three with CD68 (green), CD206 or iNOS (red), and nuclei (blue). The data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD) (n = 3). The cells without scaffolds were set as a control group. Ns, no significance; ^**p < 0.01 vs. the control group; ^***p < 0.001 vs. the control group; ^###p < 0.01 vs. the BRT-R group. Scale bars: E, 5 μm; F, 50 μm