Fig. 6

tFNAs promote regulation of cell proliferation and migration. (A) Schematic diagram of the regulatory effects of tFNAs on TGF-β1-induced fibrogenesis via interaction with Smad2/Smad3 signals. ROS: reactive oxygen species; EMT: epithelial-mesenchymal transition; ECM: extracellular matrix. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [75]. (B) TFNAs reduce TGF-β1-induced α-SMA expression in RLE-6TN cells. TGF-β1: Transforming growth factor beta 1. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [75]. (C) tFNAs reduce skin fibrosis by inhibiting the pyroptosis pathway. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [128]. (D) Western blotting (WB) analysis of the α-SMA, fibronectin, collagen I, E-cadherin, and Smad2/3 expression levels. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [128]. (E) Immunofluorescence (IF) micrographs of TGF-β- and tFNA-treated HaCaT cell 3D reconstruction diagrams and statistical analyses of IF and WB results for protein expression. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [128]