Table 2 Classification of tFNAs in wound healing and their mechanism
From: Tetrahedral framework nucleic acids for improving wound healing
Types | Mechanism | Signaling pathway | Therapeutic agents | Results | Role | Ref | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tetrahedral DNA nanostructures | Promote cell proliferation | Wnt/β-catenin | None | CDKL1 \( \uparrow \); β-catenin, Lef 1 ↓ | Wound healing | [71] | |
Tetrahedral DNA nanostructures | Promote cell proliferation | Akt | None | VEGF, bFGF \( \uparrow \) TNF-α, IL-1β \( \downarrow \) | Wounds scarless healing | [28] | |
Tetrahedral DNA nanostructures | Promote blood coagulation | Akt/Nrf2/HO-1 | None | VEGF-A, NO \( \uparrow \) TNF-α, IL -6 \( \downarrow \) | Diabetic wound healing | [72] | |
Tetrahedral DNA nanostructures | Inhibit apoptosis | PI3K-AKT-mTOR | None | CD31, VEGF \( \uparrow \) Bcl-2, Bax Caspase-3 \( \downarrow \) | Wound healing | [73] | |
p@tFNAs | Antibacterial activity | RAS-ERK | Healing peptide | VEGFA, TGF-β, FGF2 \( \uparrow \) | As a carrier | [74] | |
Tetrahedral DNA nanostructures | Suppression of ROS production | Smad2/Smad3 | None | Collagen I, fibronectin, α-SMA \( \downarrow \) | Fibrotic diseases therapy | [75] | |
tFNAs-Antibiotic Compound | Antibacterial activity | - | Ampicillin, erythromycin | IL-10 \( \uparrow \) TNF-α, IL -6 \( \downarrow \) | As a drug carrier | [60] | |
Tetrahedral DNA nanostructures/wogonin complexes | Anti-inflammation | RhoA/ROCK | Wogonin | AGC, collagen II \( \uparrow \) MMP, TNF-α \( \uparrow \) | Tissue regeneration | [76] | |