Fig. 3

In vitro endocytosis and synergistic therapy of DNMF/PLGA NPs. A After 4T1 cells were incubated for 0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 h, the intracellular uptake of nanoparticles was observed using CLSM and B FCM, Red, DOX; Blue, DAPI. C Relative cell viability after different treatments, including N/PLGA, DOX/PLGA, Laser-only, DNMF/PLGA, MF/PLGA + laser, and DNMF/PLGA + laser. D The relative cell viabilities of DNMF/PLGA NPs at different concentrations (0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 mg/mL) under 808-nm laser irradiation at different power intensities of 0.5, 1, and 1.5 W cm⁻² for 5 min. E Relative cell viabilities of 4T1 cells co-incubated with DNMF/PLGA NPs at different concentrations for different durations. F The CLSM images of 4T1 cells stained by PI and calcian-AM. G FCM apoptosis assay of 4T1 cells stained by Annexin-FITC and PI after different treatments. The power density was 1.5 W cm⁻² and the irradiation time was 5 min