Fig. 3

Effective uptake and brain distribution of Aβ11/T80@CSs. A Uptake of CSs, Aβ11@CSs, and Aβ11/T80@CSs by bEnd.3 cells was visualized using laser confocal microscopy. B Quantification of fluorescence intensity from the uptake study. C PBS, CSs, Aβ11@CSs, and Aβ11/T80@CSs were incubated with bEnd.3 cells for 4 h, followed by D analysis of fluorescence using flow cytometry. E The cumulative transport volume of nanoparticles across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) was assessed at 4 h. F Calculation of the transcellular membrane apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) in vitro. G Fluorescence imaging of brains from intracranially infected rats. H Quantitative analysis of brain fluorescence. All data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation (SD), based on n = 3 independent experiments. Statistical significance was determined using a t-test in panels B, D, F, and H, with **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001 indicating levels of significance