Fig. 4

Enhanced antibacterial activity of TGC by Aβ11/T80@CSs. A Digital images and B Optical Density (OD) at 600 nm of Aβ11/T80@CSs, determined using the microbroth dilution method. C Digital images and D bacterial count statistics in rat cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) following intrathecal injection of free TGC, CSs, and Aβ11/T80@CSs. E Plasma concentration–time curves following intravenous administration of free TGC, CSs-TGC, and Aβ11/T80@CSs-TGC. F Experimental protocol for the infection and treatment of multidrug-resistant (MDR) A. baumannii G Digital images and H bacterial count statistics in CSF of different groups after intravenous injection. Pharmacokinetic parameters including maximum concentration (Cmax), terminal elimination half-life (T1/2), area under the curve AUC(0-t), and clearance (CL) are presented. All data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation (SD), based on n = 3 independent experiments. Statistical significance in panels D and H was determined using a t-test, with **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001 indicating levels of significance