Fig. 11

NPs treatment resulted in the leakage of mitochondrial DNA. A Nanoplastics treatment resulted in the entry of mitochondrial DNA into the cytoplasm. B EtBr treatment removed mitochondrial DNA. C The ability of NPs to activate the cGAS-STING signaling pathway was significantly reduced in the ρ0 cell model. D NPs-induced senescence and inflammation were attenuated in the ρ0 cells. An asterisk indicates a significant interference