Fig. 4

CeONZs protected against H₂O₂ and TBHP-induced cell death by reducing excessive ROS. A, B Relative cell viability (A) and ROS intensity (B) of H9 hESCs pre-treated with 200 μM H₂O₂ for 2 h followed by exposure to CeONZs (0 to 60 μM) for 12 h. Ctrl refers to non-treated cells. C, D Relative cell viability (C) and ROS intensity (D) of H9 hESCs co-treated with 100 μM H₂O₂ plus CeONZs (0 to 6 μM) for 24 h. E, F Relative cell viability (E) and ROS intensity (F) of H9-CMs pre-treated with 200 μM H₂O₂ for 2 h, then exposed to CeONZs (0 to 60 μM) for 12 h. Ctrl means non-treated cells. G, H Relative cell viability (G) and ROS intensity (H) of H9-CMs co-treated with 100 μM H₂O₂ plus CeONZs (0 to 6 μM) for 24 h. I, J Relative cell viability (I) and ROS intensity (J) of H9-CMs pre-treated with 200 μM TBHP for 2 h, then exposed to CeONZs (0, 0.375, 1.5 and 6 μM) for 12 h. Ctrl means non-treated cells. K, L Relative cell viability (K) and ROS intensity (L) of H9-CMs co-treated with 100 μM TBHP plus CeONZs (0 to 6 μM) for 24 h. M Phase and fluorescence images showing ROS of H9-CMs pre-treated with 200 μM TBHP for 2 h, followed by exposure to CeONZs for 12 h (Scale bar = 75 μm). Data are presented as means ± SEM (n ≥ 3) and statistical significance was determined by one-way ANOVA with a Tukey post-test. ns means no significance, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001