Fig. 5

CeONZs mitigated DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in human cardiomyocytes. A Cell viability was determined by CCK8 in H9-CMs treated with 1, 2.5, and 5 μM of doxorubicin (DOX) for 24 h. Ctrl refers to non-treated cells. B Cell viability of H9-CMs treated with 5 μM DOX in the absence and presence of 0.375, 1.5, and 6 μM CeONZs. C Cell morphology of H9-CMs treated with 5 μM DOX in the absence and presence of 1.5, and 6 μM CeONZs (Scale bar = 100 μm). D Relative ROS intensity of H9-CMs treated with 5 μM DOX in the absence or presence of different concentrations of CeONZs. E Immunofluorescence staining of DNA damage marker γ-H2AX in H9-CMs treated with 5 μM DOX only, 5 μM DOX with 1.5 or 6 µM CeONZs (Scale bar = 50 μm). F Percentage of apoptotic H9-CMs treated with DOX alone or in combination with 6 μM CeONZs. Results were determined by percentage of Annexin V⁺ cells. G Expression of BCL2, BAX, and the ratio of BCL2/BAX in H9-CMs treated with DOX or DOX plus 6 μM CeONZs. Relative to GAPDH expression. Data are shown as means ± SEM (n = 3) and statistical significance was determined by one-way ANOVA with a Tukey post-test. ns means no significance, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001