Fig. 3
Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of PTMH in vitro. (A) Images of bacterial colonies of P. aeruginosa and (B) MRSA following treatment with Cu5.4O@PNIPAM, ZnO@SA, and PTMH with or without VL irradiation. (C) The number of bacterial colonies formed by P. aeruginosa and MRSA under different treatments. (D) OD600 values of P. aeruginosa and (E) MRSA under different treatments. (F) Representative confocal digital images and (G) fluorescence intensity for DCFH-DA (green) staining of 3T3 cells under different treatments. (Scale bar: 50 μm) (H) ROS levels and (I) statistical analysis in 3T3 cells under different treatments. Data in C–E, G, and I represent the mean ± standard deviation (n = 5). *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; one-way ANOVA. P. aeruginosa, Pseudomonas aeruginosa; MRSA, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; VL, visible light; SA, sodium alginate; PNIPAM, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide); PTMH, programmed time-released multifunctional hydrogel; OD, optical density; DCFH-DA, 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate; FSC, forward scatter; SSC, side scatter; ROS, reactive oxygen species; ANOVA, analysis of variance