Fig. 2
PDT mechanism of Bi2S3/Ti3C2 and its photodynamic and photothermal performance. a Illustration of Bi2S3/Ti3C2 as PSs for enhanced PDT through the synergetic effect of type I and type II PDT under NIR irradiation. b O2 production of Bi2S3/Ti3C2 and Bi2S3 aqueous solutions (100 µg mL-1) under 808 nm laser irradiation (1 W cm-2). c Time-dependent ROS generation by Bi2S3/Ti3C2 (100 µg mL-1) detected by DCFH-DA probe under 808 nm laser irradiation (1 W cm-2). d ROS generation of Ti3C2, Bi2S3, and Bi2S3/Ti3C2 (100 µg mL-1) under 808 nm laser irradiation (1 W cm-2) detected by DCFH-DA probe. ESR spectra of Bi2S3 and Bi2S3/Ti3C2 under 808 nm laser irradiation (1 W cm-2) for characterizing the generation of e1O2, f ·O2−, and g ·OH. h The UV–vis absorption spectra of Bi2S3/Ti3C2 with various concentrations. i Photothermal heating curves of Bi2S3/Ti3C2 with various concentrations under 808 nm laser irradiation (1 W cm-2). j Photostability of Bi2S3/Ti3C2 (100 µg mL-1) under 808 nm laser irradiation (1 W cm-2)