Fig. 4
In vitro antitumor performance evaluation of Bi2S3/Ti3C2-TPP. a The images of JC-1 stained U251 cells after different treatments (scale bar = 20 μm). b Hypoxia level of PBS (pH = 7.4, 10 mM) and Bi2S3/Ti3C2-TPP (100 µg mL-1) treated U251 cells (scale bar = 50 μm). c ROS generation in U251 cells under 808 nm laser irradiation (1 W cm-2, 10 min, scale bar = 20 μm). d U251 cells treated with PBS (pH = 7.4, 10 mM) or Bi2S3/Ti3C2-TPP (100 µg mL-1) under 808 nm laser irradiation (1 W cm-2, 10 min) in N2 or air atmospheres. e MTT and g Calcein AM/PI two-staining analysis of U251 cells following various treatments (scale bar = 100 μm); *P < 0.05. f The viabilities of U251 cells treated with Bi2S3/Ti3C2-TPP at various concentrations under 808 nm laser irradiation (1 W cm-2, 10 min); *P < 0.05. h Cell clone formation of U251 cells after different treatments. i Flow cytometric analysis for apoptotic U251 cells by Annexin-V-FITC/PI assay. j U251 cells treated with PBS (pH = 7.4, 10 mM) or Bi2S3/Ti3C2-TPP (100 µg mL-1) under 808 nm laser irradiation (1 W cm-2, 10 min) at 37 \(^\circ C\) and 4 \(^\circ C\); ***P < 0.001. k Cellular Nrf2, Hsp70, and HO-1 expressions of U251 cells following various treatments