Fig. 2

Cells cultured on NS and pMAX-GFP transfection through NS without external forces. (a) Fluorescent microscopy images displaying the growth and spreading of HeLa, DC2.4, and HL-1 cells on the conventional Plate and NS over a 6 or 24-h period after seeding. Calcein AM (green), Hoechst (gray), and PI (red) are used for cell labeling. The upper panel shows HeLa cells, the middle panel represents DC2.4 cells, and the lower panel displays HL-1 cells. The left two rows show cells cultured on a conventional cell culture plate (Plate), and the right two rows represent cells cultured on the NS. (b) Quantification of cell viability after 6 and 24 h of culture on the NS. Mean ± SEM, n = 3 regions, Two-way ANOVA. (c) SEM image of DCs on the NS after 24 h cultivation. The orange line illustrates the border of the cell, and the blue arrows indicate the NS beneath DCs. (d) Schematic illustration of cells cultured on the NS for pMAX-GFP delivery without external force. (e) Fluorescent microscopy images of HeLa, DC2.4, and HL-1 cells expressing GFP at 24 h after NS-mediated delivery of pMAX-GFP without external forces, respectively. The images display the merged channel of GFP (green), Hoechst (gray), and PI (red). The scale bars in all images are 200 μm