Fig. 4
From: OCTN2- and ATB0,+-targeted nanoemulsions for improving ocular drug delivery
Schematic illustration of proposed transport mechanisms for SC-NEs in HCECs. SC-NEs and Na+/Cl− bind to the specific sites of OCTN2 and ATB0,+, and the transporters change their conformation from outward-facing to a stable occluded state, triggering membrane invagination and clathrin- and caveolin-medicated endocytosis process. In addition, macropinocytosis and caveolin and clathrin-independent pathway are also involved in the cellular uptake and transport of SC-NEs