Table 1 The potential application of nanozymes in neurological disease

Pd@PEG@Bor

AD

SOD, CAT

ROS↓; inhibit Aβ plaque deposition

Alleviate neuron loss, and neuroinflammation; improve cognitive impairment

[121]

Fe-Nx SANs

AD

POD

Enhance the detection performance of Aβ 1-40

Ultrasensitive colorimetric immunoassay

[132]

PEG-Fe₃O₄

AD

SOD, CAT

ROS↓; PECAM-1↑; claudin5↑; ZO-1↑

Improve neuroblast differentiation in the hippocampal dentate gyrus

[133]

KLVFF@Au-CeO₂

AD

SOD, CAT

ROS↓; inhibit Aβ

Aggregation and degrade Aβ fibril; improve the cognitive function

[134]

TPP-MoS₂ QDs

AD

SOD, CAT

ROS↓; IL-1β↓; IL-6↓; TNF-α↓; TGF-β↑

Degrade Aβ deposits; attenuate inflammatory

[135]

KD8@N-MCNs

AD

SOD, CAT

ROS↓; IL-1β↓; TNF-α↓

Decrease Aβ deposits, ameliorate memory deficits, and alleviate neuroinflammation

[136]

2D V2C MXenzyme

PD

SOD, CAT, GPx

ROS↓; tyrosine hydroxylase↑; IBA-1↓

Inhibit inflammation

[137]

Lf-Au-Bi2Se3

PD

SOD, CAT, GPx

ROS↓

Improve the memory and mobility, protect mitochondria, suppress dopaminergic neuron loss in the substantia nigra pars compacta

[138]

Mnf

PD

SOD, CAT, GPx

ROS↓

Inhibit caspases-3/7 activation

[139]

PBzyme

PD

SOD, CAT

ROS↓; NLRP3 inflammasomes↓; caspase-1↓; GSDMD↓

Reduces dopaminergic degeneration and inhibits neuroinflammation; alleviates motor deficits, attenuates the damage of mitochondrial membrane potential, and rescues dopaminergic neurons

[140]

Fe₂NC@Se

Stroke

SOD, CAT, GPx

ROS↓

Improve neurological function, decrease brain infarct volumes and edema, ameliorate brain injury; inhibit ASK1/JNK pathway

[141]

PNzyme/MnO₂

Stroke

SOD, CAT

ROS↓; TNF-α↓; IL-6↓

Inhibit inflammation; reduces cerebral infarction; improve neurological function

[25]

Pt/CeO₂

Brain injury

SOD, CAT, GPx

ROS↓; RNS↓

Improve the wound healing of neurotrauma and reduce neuroinflammation

[142]

PtPdMo triM

Brain injury

SOD, CAT

ROS↓; RNS↓

Suppress neuroinflammation; attenuate brain injury and improve memory

[60]

Cr/CeO₂

Brain injury

SOD, CAT, GPx

ROS↓; RNS↓; MMP-9↓

Improve the wound healing and reduce neuroinflammation; improve neuronal cognition

[143]