Fig. 1

Characterization of HA-iMSCs and HA-iMSC-EVs. a Scheme of the HA-iMSC-EVs manufacturing. HA-iMSC-EVs were isolated from the hyaluronic acid primed iMSC culture medium using ultracentrifugation. b Flow cytometric examination of markers positive (CD90, CD73, and CD105) or negative (CD45, CD31, and CD34) for iMSCs and hyaluronic acid preconditioned iMSCs (HA-iMSCs). c Representative image of iMSC-EV and HA-iMSC-EV observed using cryo-TEM. Scale bar = 200 nm. d NTA result of iMSC-EVs and HA-iMSC-EVs showed the average size is 138 nm. e, f Flow cytometric analysis of surface marker profile of HA-iMSC-EVs (e), and representative marker of EVs: CD9, CD63 and CD81 (f). g Immunoblot analysis of HA-iMSCs and HA-iMSC-EVs for markers of extracellular vesicles (CD9, CD63, CD81, and TSG101) or cellular organelles (GM130, calnexin, Histone H3, and Cytochrome C)