Fig. 6

The effects of GOQDs on mitochondrial morphology and the expression of proteins regulating mitochondrial dynamics in hPDLSCs. A After 7 days of GOQD treatment, the mitochondrial morphology of hPDLSCs was observed via TEM. B After 7 days of GOQD treatment, morphological changes in the mitochondrial network were observed in hPDLSCs using laser confocal microscopy (MitoTracker Green). C Mitochondrial skeleton images obtained through Fiji software (upper plot) and statistical analysis of mitochondrial length and the mitochondrial footprint (bottom plot) by the Kruskal‒Wallis test (n ≥ 3). D, E, F, G Western blot analysis of the expression of mitochondrial fusion marker proteins (MFN1, MFN2, and OPA1) after GOQD treatment for 3 days (A) or 7 days (C). E and G Relative quantitative analyses of (D) and (F) (n = 3), respectively. H, I, J, K) Western blot analysis of the expression of mitochondrial fission marker proteins (DRP1, MFF, and FIS1) after GOQD treatment for 3 days (H) or 7 days (J). I and K Relative quantitative analysis of (H) and (J), respectively (n = 3). The vehicle group was the solvent control group. NS P > 0.05, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001