Fig. 4

a The cell uptake of FITC@BTN NPs incubated with 4T1 cells for 12 h by flow cytometry monitor. b Colocalization fluorescence imaging of 4T1 cells after incubation with FITC@BTN NPs (0.1 mg mL⁻¹) for 12 h. c Fluorescence overlap analysis of the dashed line segment in b) (Green channel: FITC@BTN NPs, Red channel: Lysotracter). d Relative viabilities of 4T1 cells after different treatments (1064-nm laser: 1.0 W cm⁻², 5 min) (n = 5). e Live/dead co-staining images of 4T1 cells with different treatments (1064-nm laser: 1.0 W cm⁻², 5 min). f Representative bright-field microscopy image of 4T1 cells treated with different formulations. yellow arrows indicated the pyroptotic cells. g ELISA assay for IL-1β secretion in 4T1 cell supernatant receiving different treatments (n = 5). h CLSM images of 4T1 cells for CRT and HMGB-1 assay in different groups. i Quantification of CRT and HMGB-1 expression levels after different treatments (n = 5). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ***P < 0.0001