Peripheral extracellular vesicles in neurodegeneration: pathogenic influencers and therapeutic vehicles

Table 2 Summary of EVs administration for NDDs

Original cells or tissues	Cargo	Function	Disease	Reference
Mϕ	Curcumin	Inhibit hyperphosphorylation of tau	AD	[152]
Blood plasma	Quercetin	Inhibit phosphorylation of tau	AD	[151]
AD-MSCs, BM-MSCs	NEP	Degrade Aβ	AD	[94, 160]
BM-MSCs	SHP2	Alleviate mitochondrial damage-mediated apoptosis	AD	[153]
BM-MSCs	CB2 receptor agonist (AM1241)	Facilitate Aβ phagocytosis and promote neurogenesis	AD	[150]
DCs	BACE1 siRNAs	Knockdown of BACE1	AD	[137]
BM-MSCs, HEK-293T cells	miR-29	Downregulate BACE1	AD	[156]
AD-MSCs	miR-22	Inhibit apoptosis and ameliorate neuroinflammation	AD	[157]
Fresh serum	Dopamine	Increase dopamine distribution in brain	PD	[154]
Mϕ, BM-MSCs	Catalase	Antioxidant effect	PD, AD	[138, 161]
Mϕ	GDNF	Ameliorate neuroinflammation	PD	[162]
Human umbilical cord-derived MSCs	m6A demethylase FTO-targeted siRNAs	Alleviate dopaminergic neuronal death	PD	[158]
Trophoblast- derived MSCs	miR-100a-5p	Antioxidant effect	PD	[163]
hBM-EPCs	Angiogenic factors	Ameliorate impaired brain endothelial cells	ALS	[67]
AD-MSCs	let-7b, miR-9, miR-124	Promote neurogenesis	-	[125]

Abbreviations: AD: Alzheimer’s disease, Aβ: amyloid-β peptides, PD: Parkinson’s disease, ALS: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, DCs: dendritic cells, Mϕ: macrophages, MSCs: mesenchymal stem cells, BM-MSCs: bone marrow-derived MSCs, AD-MSCs: adipose tissue-derived MSCs, NEP: Neprilysin, SHP2: tyrosine phosphatase-2, GDNF: glial cell-line derived neurotropic factor, hBM-EPCs: human bone marrow endothelial progenitor cells

ISSN: 1477-3155