Table 1 Novel methodologies for enriching, quantifying and identifying merged as key tools for salivary EVs
Method | Purpose | Sample | Time | Detection limit | Specificity/sensitivity/linearity | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fe3O4@SiO2-aptamer nanoparticles | Enriching exosomes | Saliva/urine | NA | 7.76 pM | Sensitivity: high | [45] |
Quantum dot-based platform | Quantifying exosomes | Saliva | 30 min | 500 particles/µL | Sensitivity: high linearity = 0.998 | [46] |
Hybrid capture bioassay | Measuring microvesicle tissue factor activity | Body fluids | NA | NA | Specificity: high; sensitivity: high linearity > 0.99 | [47] |
Nanocarrier fractionation platform | Identifying EVs | Body fluids | 30Â min | NA | Specificity: high sensitivity: high | [48] |
NanoFCM | Identifying EVs | Body fluids | NA | NA | High sensitivity for detecting EVs ranging from 40–200 nm | [49] |
Aurora | Identifying EVs | Body fluids | NA | NA | High sensitivity for detecting EVs > 200 nm | [49] |
Red blood cell membrane engineered-based method | Identifying EVs | Saliva | NA | 207 particles/mL | Specificity: high sensitivity: high | [50] |