Fig. 9
GNPs reversed the balance of M1/M2 macrophage polarization and improved gut-barrier function. (A) CD86 (M1 macrophage marker) distribution in subchondral bone were detected by immunofluorescence in the two groups. (B) CD206 (M2 macrophage marker) distribution in subchondral bone were detected by immunofluorescence in the two groups. (C) Volcano plot of cytokine alteration at serum was measured by mouse inflammation array. (D) Heatmap representation of cytokine levels from ACLTVehicle and ACLTGNPs mice. (E) Representative immunofluorescence images showing in situ expression of Occludin. (F) Representative immunofluorescence images showing in situ expression of ZO-1. (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001, N.S represented not significant)