Fig. 6

HWJMSCs and HWJMSC-EVs promoted the activity of BMSCs and chondrocytes by regulating the ITGB1/TGF-β axis. A, B The viability of treated cells detected by CCK8 assay and observed under light microscopy. Scale bar = 50 µm. Mean ± SD, n = 3. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. C, D, G, H The expressions of COL-II, ITGB1, TGF-β, p-Smad2/3, and Smad2/3 in hBMSCs and chondrocytes detected by Western blotting. Mean ± SD, n = 3. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. E, F Alcian Blue staining of hBMSCs and chondrocytes. Scale bar = 50 µm. Mean ± SD, n = 3