Scheme 1
Schematic demonstration of combination therapy of Hm@TSA/As-MOF and α-PD-1 in HCC. (A) MOFs were synthesised using Fe3O4 nanoparticles as precursors, followed by post-loading to form TSA/As-MOFs. Subsequently, homologous tumour cell membranes (Hm) were coated on the surface of TSA/As-MOFs to obtain Hm@TSA/As-MOFs. Finally, Hm@TSA/As-MOFs were injected into mice with HCC through the tail vein. (B) Hm@TSA/As-MOFs evaded clearance by the MPS owing to the Hm. Under a magnetic field, Hm@TSA/As-MOFs counteracted the interference of ascites tumour cells on Hm, resulting in more accurate targeting of solid tumours. (C) In the reductive and acidic microenvironment of HCC, TSA and As were rapidly released from Hm@TSA/As-MOFs. TSA increased the abundance of TILs by normalising tumour blood vessels, and As upregulated the activity of TILs by reducing the levels of immunosuppressive factors. (D) The combined application of Hm@TSA/As-MOFs and α-PD-1 enhanced the overall anti-tumour effects