Fig. 4

ADNVs corrected mitochondrial deficits in stressed macrophages. MH-S cells were pre-incubated with ADNVs (GABA equal to 4 ng/mL), followed by stimulation with LPS (100 ng/mL). In some instances, Bic (30 µM) or Sac (15 µM) were added. (A) Flow cytometry of the percentages of dysfunctional mitochondria (Mito-green^high Mito-Red^low) in MH-S cells. (B) Mitochondrial ATP levels were measured. (C) Flow cytometry of mitochondrial ROS level. MFI, mean fluorescence intensity. (D) qPCR analysis of mitochondrial DNA levels. (E) The heat-map showing the expression of the representative genes of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I-V. (F) Western-blotting of the levels of mitochondria-related molecules. Molecular weights of the indicated molecules are depicted. (G, H) The oxygen consume rates (OCRs) were detected by Seahorse XFe96 Analyzer. The baseline respiratory capacity, proton leakage, and maximal respiratory capacity were calculated. The results are one of three independent experiments. Shown are representative images, and the data are expressed as the mean ± SD, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001