Fig. 7

In vivo VM-targeted therapeutic mechanisms. A Representative images of VM channels (stained CD34⁻/PAS⁺) and endothelium-dependent microvessels (stained CD34⁺/PAS⁻) from each tumor group. VM channels and endothelium-dependent microvessels are marked in the red and brown dashed areas, respectively; red blood cells are marked with red arrows; and tumor cells in VM channels are marked with blue arrows. B Immunofluorescence examination of tumor tissues for COL1 and activated MMP-2 (both shown as green). C Western blot analysis of COL1 and activated MMP-2 in tumor tissues. D Calculation of the mean density of the VM channels in each group. E Analysis of the mean VM area per field (20 × magnification) (n = 3, t test, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001)