Table 1 Comprehensive overview of serum/plasma proteins adsorbed on the surface of different types of nanomaterials with varied size and surface chemistries

Polystyrene NPs

50, 100

NH₂, COOH

Human Plasma

Coagulation factors, Immunoglobulins, Lipoproteins, Complement proteins, Acute phase proteins

[15]

Polystyrene NPs

100

COOH

Human serum (depleted)

Complement proteins, Plasminogen, Anti-CD4, c4a, Immunoglobulin, Albumin, Complement , Plasminogen

[16]

Latex NPs

80-109

NH₂,NHR, NR₂,NR₃⁺ COO^-, SO⁻₃, SO⁻₄

Human Serum

Albumin, Apolipoproteins, Immunoglobulins, Hemoglobin, Haptoglobins

[17]

Copolymer NPs

70, 200

-

Human Plasma

Albumin, Apolipoprotiens, Fibrinogen, Immunoglobulins, C4BPαchain

[2]

MWCNTs

20-30

NH₂, COOH

Human Plasma

2 Macroglobulin precursor, Complement factors, plasminogen, Coagulation factors

[8]

SPIONs

-

-

Human Plasma

Albumin, α1Antitrypsin, Fibrinogen chains, Immunoglobulin chains, Transferrin, Transthyretin

[14]

Gold

5, 10, 20

(PAA) polymer coated

Human Plasma

Albumin, Fibrinogen chains, Apolipoprotein A1

[18]

Gold

15, 40, 80

-

Bovine Serum

Transport proteins, Coagulation factors, Tissue development proteins

[19]

TiO₂ NPs ZnO NPs Quartz sand Carbon nanotubes SiO₂ NPs

-

Silone, alumina, silica coated

Human Plasma

Fibrinogen chains, Immunoglobulin light chains, Fibrin, albumin, ApoA1, Complement component proteins, Fibronectin,

[13]

SiO₂ NPs

8, 20, 25

-

Human Plasma

Immunoglobulins, Lipoproteins, Complement proteins, Coagulation proteins, Acute phase proteins, Cellular proteins, Serum proteins

[20]

TiO₂ NPs ZnO NPs SiO₂ NPs

-

-

Human Plasma

Albumin, Immunoglobulins, Fibrinogen, Transferrin, Apolipoprotein A1,Complement proteins

[21]

Magnetic NPs

50, 200

Dextran COOH, NH₂,PEG COOH, PEG-NH₂

Bovine Serum

Albumin, Apolipoprotein A-1 Complement factors, Vitronectin, Haemoglobin

[22]