Cerium oxide nanoparticles attenuate acute kidney injury induced by intra-abdominal infection in Sprague–Dawley rats

Table 1 CeO₂ nanoparticles attenuate peritonitis induced increase in biomarkers of AKI

Analyte	Sham control 3 h	CeO₂ 3 h	Peritonitis 3 h	Peritonitis + CeO₂ 3 h	Sham control 18 h	CeO₂ 18 h	Peritonitis 18 h	Peritonitis + CeO₂ 18 h
β2-Microglobulin (µg/mL)	54.00 ± 3.00	49.67 ± 2.40	76.00 ± 1.53^*$	77.33 ± 1.76^*$	52.00 ± 3.51	32.67 ± 1.45^*	128.00 ± 5.85^*$	78.33 ± 7.21^*$#
Cystatin-C (ng/mL)	578.67 ± 14.25	633.00 ± 30.57	686.00 ± 14.47	690.33 ± 42.10	699.67 ± 52.67	555.33 ± 41.63	1890.00 ± 62.45^*$	1093.33 ± 37.56^*$#
KIM-1 (ng/mL)	Below LLOQ	Below LLOQ	Below LLOQ	Below LLOQ	Below LLOQ	Below LLOQ	3.27 ± 0.13	2.50 ± 0.10^#
Osteopontin (ng/mL)	10.80 ± 1.20	11.00 ± 0.58	11.00 ± 0.58	12.33 ± 0.33	9.70 ± 0.00	7.93 ± 0.23*	72.33 ± 4.84^*$	36.33 ± 1.76^*$#
VEGF-A (pg/mL)	Below LLOQ	Below LLOQ	Below LLOQ	Below LLOQ	Below LLOQ	Below LLOQ	459.00 ± 12.70	296.67 ± 31.33^#

LLOQ lower limit of quantitation
*P < 0.05 compared to control group, ^$ P < 0.05 compared to CeO₂ group and ^# P < 0.05 compared to peritonitis group (n = 6/group)

ISSN: 1477-3155