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Table 3 Reports on clinical cases where therapeutic NPs were traced in the patient

From: NANOMEDICINE: will it offer possibilities to overcome multiple drug resistance in cancer?

Nanoparticle (NP)

Size of NP (nm)

Ligand/receptor

Drug/agent

Method to trace NP/drug/agent

Ref.

Polymer

70

Protein/TfR

siRNA

PCR

[236]

Liposome

ns

Ab/TfR

p53

p53 via PCR

[271]

  1. TfR transferrin receptor, siRNA short interfering RNA, PCR polymerase chain reaction, Ab antibody, p53 a tumor suppressor gene, ns not stated