Fig. 2

Schematic representation of the synthesis of hybrid DNA hydrogel. A Polyacrylamide DNA hydrogels of glucosamine-boronate eaters and G-quadruplexes synergistically cross-linked in the presence of K⁺/crown ethers undergoing cyclic hydrogel-solution transition. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [78]. B Shape-memory hydrogel crosslinked by glucosamine-boronate eaters and trans-azobenzene stabilized duplex. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [78]. C Reversible transformation of pNIPAM hydrogels with C-Ag⁺-C bridging and the corresponding images (D). Reproduced with permission from Ref. [79]. E The fabrication of DNA hydrogel cross-linked by covalent conjugation of DNA with fluorescent CD to accommodate PpIX as a photosensitizer for A-PDT applications. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [97]