Fig. 6

HPC-derived MPs carrying the death signal inhibit hepatocarcinogenesis in the absence of doxorubicin. A Experimental outline for producing RT-apoHPC-MPs. WB-F344 cells were treated with 20 Gy of radiation and RT-apoHPC-MPs were isolated after apoptosis of the cells. B WB-F344 cells were treated with various concentrations of RT-apoHPC-MPs for 24 or 48 h, and cell viability was detected using the CCK-8 assay. C–G Rats were treated with DEN for 6 weeks, then intrasplenically injected with RT-apoHPC-MPs (40 µg). Injections were administered twice every week for 7 weeks. DEN was administered orally in parallel. After 13 weeks, the rats were sacrificed to observe the development of HCC. Representative images of rat livers are shown. Typical tumor nodes are marked by the asterisks (C). The maximum tumor volume per liver in the two groups (D). The number of HCC nodules per liver (E). The liver-to-body weight ratio in the two groups (F). The tumor incidence in the two groups (G). Data are presented as mean ± SD. **p  < 0.01, ****p < 0.0001. H Images of H&E-stained liver sections showing the histological structure and inflammatory response of liver in the two groups. Black asterisks indicate accumulation of inflammatory cells